Respiration

You breathe in Oxygen and give CO2 out
Done by us with our Nose and by ant eaters with their snout
Respiration is not only about Inhalation and Exhalation
It's also about a process called Oxidation
Without Oxygen we can survive only for about a minute or two
It is the most essential thing required by you
Oxygen joins with Carbon in food when it is broken down
Be careful in the swimming pool otherwise you will drown
Then your brain cells will begin to die
and then to the world you will have to say good bye
The organ through which we breathe can also smell the pleasant smell of a rose
Yes! you guessed right it is our nose
Sometimes we breathe through our mouth
From where the air goes towards the south
Into a tube, in which, at the top is the pharynx
In the middle is the Larynx
And finally,the trachea at the bottom
Then finally your lungs come
The spongy, greyish pink bags in your chest
Filtering air they do the best
The tube like structure inside each of your lungs called the bronchus
Branches into smaller ones called bronchioles and the finally the Alveolus
From here the filtered oxygen goes to the Heart
And then the whole process begins again from the start!

My poem on Blood..........

Blood is a red substance 
In which Red blood cells ,white blood cells and platelets dance

It is a liquid,haemoglobin makes it red

It is most required by the brain in your head

Red blood cells,white blood cells'platelets amd plasma are the main components of blood

They come oozing out when you fall with a thud

Plasma is the yellowish,clear liquid

Red blood cells,white blood cells,platelets,salts ,fats and sugars float in this fluid (plasma)

The most numerous are the red blood cells,which carry oxygen and are shaped like a button

White blood cells kill germs and other foreign material, for which they are very glutton

Platelets are essetial for clotting of blood

In your cuts don't let in particles of mud

Your white blood cells will have to work harder for you to survive

Only then will you  be able to thrive!!!!!!!!!!!

HOPE YOU LIKED IT!!!!!

Pepper and Soap..Definitely not best friends!!!

A very common experiment this is, But definitely not as lame as the other one...

YOU WILL REQUIRE:

A bowl full of water (choose one with a larger surface area)

2. Black Pepper


3. Soap

STEP 1: Add pepper to the bowl full of water.

STEP 2: Put your finger in....Nothing happens

            

 Now put your finger dipped in soap (or you can just add soap)

SEE THE MAGIC!

Well of course it isn't magic it;s SCIENCE!

It's not that the soap repels the pepper , but rather soap that readily breaks the high surface tension of water.The soap causes a break in surface tension making the surrounding water molecules to move away.

Physics.....CONDUCTION!!!!!

Heat trasfer takes place in 3 ways....

1. conduction
2. convection
3. radiation

Here is a poem on conduction to help you understand better!

Conduction is like the process of passing a book on to you

Takes place in solids,though through liquids and gases very few

Molecules start vibrating and hit each other around

Don't worry, this chaos doesn't make a single sound

If the objects temperatures are the same

and the object is not in contact with the flame

I am sorry, but it will not work

Though, on your face it will put on a big, ugly smirk

If you touch a conductor near a source of heat, you will burn your hand

Oops! Next time try with a rubber band!

My first Chemistry post!!

Matter is everything around you

Solids,gases and water (liquids) so blue

Matter has volume and Mass

Take an example of a solid called glass

Atoms and molecules form it

They join together bit by bit

Valencies and compounds so hard to remember

Memorising them might put you in deep slumber

So many compounds and elements all around

Plumbum ,boron,Zinc and manganese ,though weird they might sound.....

Hope you like it!

Yuts

I drew it!!!!!!

I know this is the second time I am posting this but......I know i am boasting.....I love this drawing!!!!!!!!!!

SPACE

I know I promised a new poem.......
I don't withdraw my promise though,I will very soon compose a new poem.......
Right now due to a special request...I am making this post on Space..............

We have made a glitter galaxy......which after editing is looking like a real one...

SPACE

Space, Space all around
Spreading everywhere without any bound
Home to planets,stars and moons
With shooting stars in the shape of balloons
We live in a galaxy called MILKY WAY
"Oh! How interesting!" is what you will say
Meteorites and asteroids rushing round and round
How deeply interesting does it sound
That big,hot ball of fire called the sun
Without it we will freeze to death,and that will not be very fun
Planets going round and round
My oh my! Space does not reach any bound!


 The poem is not that nice......... i actually just wanted to post the picture!

What I think of the BRAIN.......

Brain

Here is what I think about the brain in the form of a poem.......

The brain is a little squishy blob in your head

It shows you dreams when you are in bed

The cerebrum is where you think

The medulla is which makes you blink

It controls all your senses

When attacked, thinks of many defences

The brain is a bundle of nerves

As a thinking device it serves

It is full of about 10 million nerve cells

The body what to do, it tells

The left side controls your right side

The rules of the right side the left side has to abide

The cerebrum helps you to read,write,solve maths problems and understand science

It also helps us to read traffic signs

The medulla controls the blinking and breathing 

And the pineal gland* helps us from too early teething

The cerebrum in the brain controls our imagination

It also helps the president control the whole nation

If we didn't have a cerebellum we wouldn't be able to balance on our bicycle

Nor could we do the moonwalk like Michael

If we didn't have a brain 

Our life would be in vain

We wouldn't be able to walk, talk , dance, sing, smell , hear or taste 

Our life would be a complete waste

I hoped you liked it.....

(Please do not copy)

I will be coming up with a new poem soon.......so to stay updated please follow the blog (you can also follow by e-mail)

I will also be awaiting for  some ideas from you.....so please comment your ideas.......

Thankyou,

The creator of the blog,

Yuts

(*at dark the pineal gland produces certain chemicals which prevent kids from becoming adults to soon)

Our heart....

 Human Heart

As I said I would tell you more about the heart in this post.....

I have lots to tell you in this....I even made a diagram myself of the heart (please don't see the neatness , I made it while watching T.V).

1. So lets start with, What the heart is and what it does.

• The HEART is the most important organ of the circulatory system. 
• It is a muscular organ located in the centre of the body,between the lungs, slightly tilted to the left.  (some people say the heart is at the left side of the body, I thought so too,but it isn't ,it is centrally located  and tilted towards the left).
• It weighs 200 to 350 grams.
• It pumps blood to all parts of the body. (nothing new,we all knew this since we were probably in the first grade) 

Heart Rate

• The number of times our heart beats (contraction and relaxation of the muscles in our heart) in a minute is called heart rate. (which is normally 80 to 100 times)
• A doctor uses a stethoscope to listen to our heartbeat.

Structure of the heart

• The heart is divided into 4 chambers.Two superior atria and two inferior ventricles. The atria (Plural : Atrium) are the receiving chambers and the ventricles are the discharging chambers.

                                 (it is a reflected image because i took it with my webcam) .

• The atrium has comparatively thinner walls.
• The walls of the ventricles are thicker.
• The right auricle receives carbon dioxide rich blood from various tissues from the body. The auricle then sends the carbon dioxide rich blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery.
• The left auricle receives oxygen rich blood from the lungs through the pulmonary vein.The left auricle then pumps the blood to the other parts of the body with the help of the aorta.
• The right side of the heart is separated from the left side with the help of the septum,so that the pure and impure blood does not mix.
• The heart has a number of valves that allow the blood to flow in one direction only. 

Working of Heart

                                        (it is a reflected image because i took it with my webcam) 

• From lungs the oxygenated blood is taken to the left atrium through pulmonary vein.
• From the left atrium the oxygenated blood reaches the left ventricle through the valve.
• When the ventricle contracts, the oxygenated blood from the left ventricle passes through the aorta and reaches different parts of the body.
• From the tissues, the carbon dioxide rich bloodis taken to the right atrium,through venacava.
• When the atrium contracts, the carbon dioxide rich blood passes to the right ventricle through the valve.
• When the ventricle contracts , the carbon dioxide rich blood is taken to the lungs by the pulmonary artery.
• The purification of the blood takes place in the lungs and is then taken to the heart through the pulmonary vein.

Science rules!

A Poem on the heart....

Heart

This is a small poem on the heart written by me.....I hope you like it.. :

Heart is the organ the size of a fist, that does all the pumping

It works a little harder when we are jumping

It is the organ that pumps blood to all parts of our body

It gives a lup-dup melody

It is located in the centre 

God is the inventor

It is tilted to the left side

That is where it does reside

At the top there are the Auricles

And at the bottom are the ventricles

It beats  sixty to eighty times in a minute throughout our life

Don't try and cut it with a knife

If you do the pure and impure blood will mix

then you will be in a terrible fix

Our heart is supplied with many arteries

To all parts of the body blood it carries

That is it for now

But there are more interesting things on the heart that will make you say wow!!!

Check out the next post for more interesting information about the heart!

Nutrition in Humans

Nutrition in Humans

Nutrition (also called nourishment or aliment) is the provision, to cells and organisms, of the materials necessary (in the form of food) to support life.

All animals including humans need certain nutrients to stay alive and grow .These nutrients are obtained from food.
These nutrients are:

1. Carbohydrates
2. Fats
3. Proteins
4. Vitamins
5. Minerals

(we also require water and roughage)

• The food that we eat (feeding) is not in the form that can instantly provide you with nutrients.First it has to be broken down into small particles.
• These particles must be changed into simple,soluble,forms which our body cells can absorb.

Only then can food provide nutrients.

The various processes required for digestion of food are as follows:

1. Ingestion is the consumption of a substance by an organism. In animals, it normally is accomplished by taking in the substance through the mouth.
2. Digestion is the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into smaller components that are more easily absorbed into a blood stream.
3. Absorption is the process by which the food in its soluble form passes through body fluids such as blood.
4. Egestion is the process of elimination of undigested solid parts of the food.

The Human Digestive System

The body performs the steps of nutrition inside a long tube ,coiled in some places called the gut or the alimentary canal.

It's main parts are :

1. The mouth or the Buccal cavity
2. food pipe or oesophagus
3. stomach
4. small intestine
5. large intestine
6. rectum
7. anus

DIGESTIVE JUICES

Salivary glands,liverlgall bladder and pancreas are organs that secrete digestive juices that convert complex substances in food into simpler ones.

digestive juices are also secreted by inner walls of the small intestine and the stomach.

Digestion in the Mouth

Food is taken in or ingested through the mouth.

When food enters the mouth, its digestion starts by the action of mastication, a form of mechanical digestion, and the contact of saliva. Saliva(watery substance located in the mouths of organisms), which is secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch in the food. After undergoing mastication and starch digestion, the food will now be in the form of a small, round mass, called a bolus.

Saliva breaks down starch into sugars.

Mastication: Chewing food to break it into small pieces.

Tongue

The tongue is skeletal muscle on the floor of the mouth that manipulates food for chewing (mastication) and swallowing(deglutition). It is sensitive and kept moist by saliva. The underside of the tongue is covered with a smooth mucous membrane. The tongue also has a touch sense for locating and positioning food particles that require further chewing. The tongue is utilized to roll food particles into a bolus before being transported down the oesophagus through peristalsis.

The sublingual region underneath the front of the tongue is a location where the oral mucosa is very thin, and underlain by a plexus of veins. This is an ideal location for introducing certain medications to the body. The sublingual route takes advantage of the highly vascular quality of the oral cavity, and allows for the speedy application of medication into the cardiovascular system, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract.

Teeth

Teeth of humans are small, calcified, hard, whitish structures found in the mouth. They function in mechanically breaking downitems of food by cutting and crushing them in preparation for swallowing and digestion. The roots of teeth are embedded in themaxilla (upper jaw) or the mandible (lower jaw) and are covered by gums. Teeth are made of multiple tissues of varying density and hardness.

The first set of teeth (also called the "baby", "milk", "primary", and "deciduous" set) normally starts to appear at about six months of age.

Humans usually have 20 primary (deciduous or "baby") teeth and 32 permanent (adult) teeth. Teeth are classified as incisors, canines,premolars, and molars. Incisors are primarily used for biting pieces from foods such as raw carrots or apples and peeled but uncutbananas, while molars are used primarily for grinding foods after they are already in bite size pieces inside the mouth.

Journey through the food pipe or Oesophagus

 The oesophagus leads from our mouth to the stomach.It is made up of muscles.These muscles gently push food down to your stomach in a wave like action called peristalsis.This movement takes place throughout the alimentary canal to push the food forward.

Digestion in the stomach

Our stomach is a J shaped bag. Gastric juice in the stomach starts protein digestion. Gastric juice mainly contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin. As these two chemicals may damage the stomach wall, mucus is secreted by the stomach, providing a slimy layer that acts as a shield against the damaging effects of the chemicals. At the same time protein digestion is occurring, mechanical mixing occurs by peristalsis, which are waves of muscular contractions that move along the stomach wall. This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes. After some time (typically an hour or two in humans, 4–6 hours in dogs, somewhat shorter duration in house cats), the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters theduodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas, and then passes through the small intestine, in which digestion continues.

Digestion in the small intestine

The small intestine is a 7.5 metre long tube through  which most of the digestion occurs.The muscles in the small intestine mix food with more digestive juices.some juices are secreted by the cells of the small intestine itself.others come from the liver,which is the largest gland in the body and produces bile juice which is stored in the gall bladder a. The bile breaks down fats into tiny droplets that can be digested and absorbed more easily. The digestive juices then act on these tiny droplets to form simpler compounds known as fatty acids or glycerol.The pancreas secrete the pancreatic juice that changes starch into simple sugars and proteins into simpler compounds called amino acids.

Absorption in the Small intestine

The digested food is then absorbed through tiny finger like projections called villi (singular=villus).Villi increase the surface area of absorption of digested food. Each villus has a network of fine blood capillaries close to the surface.The food absorbed on the surface of the villus passes into the blood in the capillaries. 

Assimilation

The food absorbed in the blood is transported to different parts of the body.It is used to provide energy and materials for growth and repair of body tissues.

Glucose is broken down in the cells with the help of oxygen into carbon dioxide and water,to provide energy.Amino acids are used for buildings and repairing of body parts.Fatty acids and glycerol are stored under the skin and act as energy reserves.

Egestion

Not all the food you eat is digested and absorbed.The food cannot be digested moves from the small intestine into a wide tube called the large intestine.

Here,most of the water present in the waste is absorbed. The waste food which is now almost solid is stored in the last part of the small intestine called the rectum.It is the passed out through the anus.

Some questions asked by the smart students of the class:

Q.When there is a gall bladder stone and the gall bladder has to be removed, where does the bile go?

A.The bile directly goes to the small intestine and is not stored between meals.

Q.Sweet,salty, sour and bitter are all tastes recognized by the taste buds...then what about spicy?

A.Spicy taste is recognized by the pain sensors in our tongue.

Nutrition In Plants

 

What is Nutrition??

THE PROCESS OF TAKING IN FOOD BY AN ORGANISM AND IT'S UTILIZATION BY THE BODY IS CALLED NUTRITION.

Autotrophic Nutrition

The term autotroph has been derived from two Greek wards-auto means self and troph means nutrition. In this mode of nutrition, the organisms prepare their own food from simple raw materials like water, carbon dioxide and mineral salts in the presence of sunlight. Chlorophylls present in the chloroplast or green plants are the site of food production. Accordingly all green plants are the examples of this category. The process by which they synthesize food is known as photosynthesis.

The cells of green leaves and young stems contain  numerous green structures called chloroplasts.The chloroplasts are green in colour  because of the presence of a  green pigment called chlorophyll.  It is chlorophyll that traps energy from  Sunlight.Leaves take in Carbon dioxide from the air through tiny pores called stomata (singular = stoma) mostly present on the underside of the leaves.The pore is bordered by a pair of specialized cells known as guard cells that are responsible for regulating the size of the opening. 

The water and minerals are absorbed from the soil by root hairs present on the roots.The water and minerals absorbed by the plants are transported to leaves by xylem vessels that are like pipes . These pipes run through the root, stem, branches and leaves.

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis (photo=light synthesis=combination of components) is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert the light energy captured from the sun into chemical energy that can be used to fuel the organism's activities.

Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and water, releasing oxygen as a waste product.

Carbon dioxide + Water + Light energy → Glucose + Oxygen

Synthesis of food other than carbohydrates by plants
Carbohydrates that plants synthesize during photosynthesis are made up of carbon,hydrogen and oxygen.  These are used to synthesize other components of food such as proteins and fats.Proteins contain nitrogen. Though, air contains large amounts of nitrogen ,plants cannot absorb this nitrogen directly.They get nitrogen in two ways.

• Soil contains certain bacteria in soil called Rhizobium that can convert atmospheric nitrogen into water soluble compounds.Plants absorb these compounds along with water to get nitrogen.  (Rhizobium cannot make its own food.It therefore lives in the roots of leguminous plants like gram,peas and other pulses, where it gets food and shelter. In turn ,it provides them with nitrogen .It thus,has a symbiotic relationship (scroll down) with leguminous plants).
• Farmers add fertilizers rich in nitrogen to the soil.These are absorbed by plants.

Phototrophic and  Chemoautotrophic Nutrition 

Some nongreen becteria like sulphur bacteria can use energy which they derive from some chemical reactions occurring in them. With this energy they manufacture their food. This process is called chemosynthesis. Thus the autotrophs include both the photosynthetic and chemosynthetic organisms.

Heterotrophic Nutrition

The word heterotrophy has been derived from two Greek words-hetero means different and troph refers to nutrition of food. The organisms which derive their food from others are known as heterotrophic organisms. They depend for their food on other organisms, hence they are called consumers. All animals, human beings and non-green plans like fungi come under this category. They consume complex organic food prepared by autotrophs or producers and break it into simple from to derive nourishment. 

Heterotrophs may be parasitic partial and total), saprophytic ,symbiotic and insectivorous.

1. Parasitic:

The term has been derived from two Greek works: Para means feeding and sites means grains. Parasitic organisms are those which live on or inside other living organisms to derive their food. Such a mode of nutrition is known as parasitic nutrition. A parasite derives its food (nutrition) from the host in different ways the mode of feeding depends upon its habit, habitat, and modifications.

• Total

Parasitic plants have special suckers that may invade the host plant’s food channels and draw off sugars and minerals. Total  parasitic plants are totally dependent on their host for food .

Example: Total stem parasite like cuscuta and root like orobanche are never green and consequently they have no power to prepare their own food. They get all their food supply from the host plants.

• Partial

A partial parasite has green leaves and thus is capable of manufacturing food, but is dependent on host plant for water supply.

 

2. Saprophytic:

The word saprophyte has been derived from the Greek words sapro meaning rotten and phyto meaning plants. Saprophytic organisms derive their food from decomposing dead organisms.

3.Insectivorous

They are said to be partly autotrophic and partly heterotrophic. These autotrophs supplement their nutritional requirements by trapping and digesting insects and other small animals. The trapped insects are killed and their proteins are digested by proteolytic enzymes secreted by the epidermis of the leaf. They can live without insects but their growth is stimulated when they digest the insects. The leaves of these plants are modified in several ways for trapping insects.

Example: Pitcher plants, Drosera, Utricularia and Dionea

(you can view this video for reference)